A freeman in bondage, 1890.

Twelve years a slave, 185-?: t.p. (S. Northup)

Amer. fict., 1851-1875, 1957 (Northup, Solomon, pseud.)

Northup Trail through central Louisiana, 1984?: cover p. 2 (Northup, called "Platt" as a slave)

Voice in the slave narrative of Olaudah Equiano, Frederick Douglass, and Solomon Northrup, 2003: CIP t.p. ; pref. (he came of age as a free black man in the northern state of New York, was kidnapped and enslaved for 12 years in Louisiana) chapter 1 (his slave narrative appeared in 1853)

Biog. & geneal. master index, Mar. 27, 2003 (Northup, Solomon (1808-1860?); Northup, Solomon (1808-1863); Northrup, Solomon (1808-1863))

African American biog. database, Mar. 27, 2003 (Northup, Solomon)

Britannica online, Mar. 27, 2003 (under Slave narrative: Solomon Northup)

Amer. national biog. online, Mar. 27, 2003 (Northup, Solomon (July 1808-1863?))

African American National Biography, accessed March 23, 2015, via Oxford African American Studies Center database: (Northup, Solomon; slave narrative author, fiddler; born July 1808 in Minerva, New York; craftsman on waterways in upstate New York; farmer, fiddler; moved to Saratoga Springs (1834); strangers sold him to slave trader (1841); wrote Twelve Years a Slave: Narrative of Solomon Northup, full of detailed portrait of people, circumstances, social practices, slave market, fellow captives; attempted to escape; sold to another owner (1852); regained freedom, reunited with wife and children (1853); contracted with David Wilson, legislator, to write his memoir, published later in 1853, most detailed and realistic portraits of slave life; novel sold well, and resulted in identification and subsequent arrest of his kidnappers; never received legal recompense for the crimes against him; returned to work as carpenter; apparently died in 1863, United States)

Individual was born a free man, but became a slave